B. A. Muratov

Previous studies have noted among Nogais of Kuban — 25% of carriers R1a-M458 subclade, the other 25% — various other R1a subclades (Z280, Z2123), and finally, the remaining 50% of all the other haplogroups (R1b, N, D , C, E1b, and others).

The ancestors of the Nogais R1a-M458 migrated from the Tarim or Tocharistan to the Kuban River (Return Migration). This is indicated: a) the limited geography of the far-matches for Nogais R1a-M458; b) and also of itself a small population of the Nogais of Kuban. The time of this Return Migration of R1a-M458 from Tarim to the Kuban River — is difficult to establish, because unknown results different expeditions of the other organizations by DNA-testing of all clans of Kuban’s Nogais. For example, R1a-M458 subclade consists in the clans of Nogais with ethnic name — Koron, but this ethnic name is not found among other Turkic peoples.

The R1a-M458 subclade migrated to the Tarim in the Bronze Age (First Migration), moving together with carriers R1a-Z93 from the West, from Europe. This First Migration was through the Southern Ural, and perhaps, the results of the paleo-DNA of Mezhovskaya culture with R1a-Z645 subclade — relate to Proto-Tocharian population. The problem still is that researchers can not to tie with Proto-Tocharians a specific archaeological culture from the tribes of Andronovo-Srubna ethnic generality.

And next, the track of Return Migration of R1a-M458 from Tarim to the Kuban River, observed among such Turkic peoples as Karakalpaks (Aral Sea) and Bashkirs (Southern Ural). These Karakalpaks and Bashkirs, are also from R1a-M458, and R1a-M458, YP254 + clusters. For example, the Bashkirs R1a-M458 are representatives of Barin clan (this name Barin is a name of Horde clan, associated with era of Genghis Khan — note B.M.), from which it is possible to make indirect conclusion that the period of Return Migration of Nogais R1a-M458 to the Kuban River, perhaps were in XIII century AD. So, the geography of Return Migration are: Tarim or Tocharistan (Uyghurs) à Aral Sea (Karakalpaks) à Southern Ural (Bashkirs) à Kuban River in Northern Caucasus (Nogais).

And also note the following, about Nogais from R1a-Z280 subclade. The Nogais of R1a-Z280 subclade, originate from Nogais clans with the names Kara-Sirace and Asii.  Kara-Sirace — translated from turkic languages with mean — 'real, genuine Sirace'. Nogais from Asii and Kara-Sirace clans are descendants of the local Scythians and Sarmatians populations of Kuban River, and which later were included after the era of the Great Migration (II c. BC — VI c. AD) in the various Turkic tribes (Huns, Bulgars, Polovtsians and etc.). In the XIV century, the descendants of Asii-Siraces later were in part of the Nogai Horde, and now they known as the Nogais clans, but with their ancient names  — Asii and Kara-Siraces.

And last, about Nogais from R1a-Z2123 subclade. The Nogais of Kuban from R1a-Z2123 subclade, now known by name Eslemes, and they associated by the origin with the Wusun tribes. Because among far-matches of these Nogais-Eslemes are the Bashkirs from R1a-FGC10232 cluster, which Wusun origin. Now, this Nogais Eslemes clan lives in Kuban River, nearest a stream with name Bashkirka. The local Nogais associate this stream with the Bashkirs, which according to legends migrated here from the Ural, in the XVI century.

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