Project Suyun / Suyunche production
(Note from editor: BEHPS begins publishing a series of works about the Tocharians written by great orientalist - Sverchkov Leonid Mikhailovich. This researcher has done a excellent work and analysis of linguistic, archaeological and historical materials on the Tocharians. Not everyone is familiar with the researchers of this orientalist, who, by the way, now beginning to be confirmed by the data of DNA-genealogy and DNA-archeology...)
L.M. Sverchkov
The Researchers drew attention to the particularly close ties uniting Tocharian with the Thracian-Phrygian, Germanic and Balto-Slavic languages (R. Kellogg, E. Schwentner, W. Krause, W. Porzig, E. Benveniste).
Note from editor BEHPS: The opinion of R. Kellogg, E. Schwentner, W. Krause, W. Porzig, E. Benveniste about the particularly close ties uniting Tocharian with the Thracian-Phrygian, Germanic and Balto-Slavic languages is confirmed by the data of DNA-genealogy (according by B.A. Muratov). See scheme 1.
Scheme 1. Ancestors of Tocharians by the data of DNA-genealogy (B.A. Muratov).
According to this scheme, the representatives of Proto-Tocharian languages with the representatives of Proto-Celtic, Proto-Baltic-Slavic and Proto-Germanic languages
were the descendants of the R1a-Z282 subclade
As always, absolutely original idea about the origin of the Tocharians was offered in 1962 amazing scholar W.B. Henning (1908–1967). Initially, Proto-Tocharians were a great and numerous people consisting of many tribes who spoke differing dialects among themselves. As archaic Tocharian languages separated from the Indo-European community relatively early, they had to get into the middle Eastern sphere of influence and therefore leave traces in the written traditions of Mesopotamia. If Indo-Aryans after the breakup of Indo-Iranian unity were found in the sources about 1500 BC, so we can expect a mention of the Tocharians in 2000 BC or even earlier. In this context, the author draws attention to the name of the country and people of Guti (Kuti), or Gutian people (Kutium) for the first time in the cuneiform documents Dating to the late early dynastic period (XXIII century BC), the Akkadian dynasty during the reign of Naram-sin — one of the greatest conquerors in the history of Babylon. W.B. Henning quotes an excerpt from “Weidner Chronicle”, which describes the fury of the God Marduk, turned against Naram-sin, the tool of which are the hordes of Gutian people. Under the blows of the Gutian people collapsed Akkadian Kingdom, in Mesopotamia and began the era of Gutian dynasty (about 2100 BC), which lasted, according to various estimates, 91 or 124–125 years. To control all territories, Gutian people chose the place of his stay - the mountains of Western Iran, somewhere in the valley of the Lower Zab, and they migrated back relatively recently, during the life of Naram-sin. W.B. Henning pays tribute to a version of German scientist A. Ungnad about migration of Gutian people coming from the East, specifically from “Russian Turkestan" but W.B. Henning regards as the probable point of the outcome - the steppes of Southern Russia, where also Gutian people migrated into Mesopotamia through Derbent [10] (Henning, 1978, p. 217-219).
After leaving Gutian people from Mesopotamia some part of Gutian people remained on the northern borders, and from time to time mention of them and can be found in subsequent periods. Often in ancient texts, for example, in the inscriptions of Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC) Is indicated on the physical and ethnic difference frontier peoples, "whose hills far away and whose languages were strange".
The inscription of Hammurabi, along with Gutian people contains the name of the country - Tukriš, whose lands were situated somewhere east or northeast of Gutian people. Also Tukriš (together with Gutian people) and their king - Kiklipatalli mentioned in the story of Boğazköy of prehistoric king of Elam. Constantly territorial and chronological relationship Gutian people and Tukri gave an opportunity to put forward the version from W.B. Henning about that Tukri and Gutian people were two closely allied brother nations that came together to Western Persia and who left it together shortly before the end of the third millennium (Henning, 1978 , pp. 220-221).
At the end of the third millennium BC the part of these peoples migrated from western Iran to China, where were scattered over a wide area from Chinese Turkestan to the west of Gansu province, p. Yellow River [11]. Part of the population began to lead a farmer life, and another part - nomadic, that over time, along with the geographical factor, resulted in linguistic isolation. From West Gansu more mobile nomads migrated more to the east, where in the II century BC their history were written in the ancient Chinese chronicles.
In chinese annals were recorded by names of Guti with two hieroglyphs, sounding like modern Chinese - Yüe-chih (Yuezhi). Thus, Guti (hence Kuči) and Yüe-chih absolutely equivalent, while the name is identical to the later Tukri Tuγri and Tuχār. In later times as a Tuγri, and Kuči could serve as political and geographical indication throughout the country, stretching from Kucha to Turfan, and known as the "Land of the four Tuγri»: Kuči (Turk Küsän) to the west, Argi / Qarašahr the east, Turfan at north-east and the area north of Turfan - Bišbalik (Henning, 1978, pp. 221-226).
In chinese annals were recorded by names of Guti with two hieroglyphs, sounding like modern Chinese - Yüe-chih. Thus, Guti (hence Kuči) and Yüe-chih absolutely equivalent, while the name is identical to the later - Tukri, Tuγri and Tuχār. In later times as a Tuγri, and Kuči could serve as political and geographical indication throughout the country, stretching from Kucha to Turfan, and known as the "Land of the four Tuγri»: Kuči (Turk Küsän) to the west, Argi / Qarašahr the east, Turfan at north-east and the area north of Turfan - Bišbalik (Henning, 1978, pp 221-226.).
10. By analogy with the situation of Middle East at the end of III thousand BC we have data of Herodotus, about the invasion of the Cimmerians and Scythians in the late eighth century BC.
11. In the confirmation of the idea W.B. Henning also were found materials, which when comparing the prehistoric archaeological materials from ancient China (published by E. Hertzfeld) and Iran gave characteristics of a single archeological culture. Their the similarities are so identical, that excludes any possibility of an independent autochthon origin.
fully read an article (in Russian)
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The Bulletin of Ethnogenomics-Historical Project "Suyun"
Moscow-Vila do Conde-Ufa, ISSN 2410-1788, Ural, Moscow; Suyunche, Portugal
Werner G. K. Ket-Russian and Russian-Ket dictionaries / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 6, № 12[1,2], December 2019, P. 1390-1630. New! Muratov B. A. The ethnogenesis and the data's of ethnogenomics of carries from L-haplogroup among tatars and bashkirs. Part 1. L1b-B374 / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 6, № 5[1,2], May 2019, P. 456-468. New! Muratov B. A. The Swadesh list — 1. For Tyurkic, Paleo-Asiatic, Ankalaku and Amerindian languages of Shoshone, Yakama, Nez Perce, Chumash, Choctaw, Mohawk and Purepecha peoples / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volime 4, №8[1,2], October 2017, P. 770-788. New! Muratov B. A. DNA-genealogy of tatar surnames — 6. Vol. 2-nd. Saetgarievs, Yurmi clan and ancient Hungarians (Magyars) / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 4, №8[1,2], October 2017, P. 755-763 . Muratov B. A. The descendants of the Yamnaya culture's population - 2. The Sarmatians. Motives in the epos 'Ural-batir' about ancient migrations / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 4, №7[1,2], June 2017, P. 719-727. Muratov B. A. The descendants of the Yamnaya culture's population - Bashkirs from the Buryjan and Singran clans, R1b-KMS75 subclade / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 4, №7[1,2], June 2017, P. 714-718. Muratov B. A. Pelasgians and Balto-Slavic. The search for common roots / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 4, №7[1,2], June 2017, P. 708-713. Muratov B. A. The descendants of Botai culture, Sauromatians, Savirs-Khazars (MT-DNA — K1 and Y-DNA — Q-M242) / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 4, №7[1,2], June 2017, P. 700-707. Rozhanskii I. L. The genogeography of 67-markers haplotypes R1a. Information: March 2017 / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 4, №3[1,2], March 2017, P. 287-310. Muratov B. A. Bashkirs i1. Part 2. The data of the full sequence of the representatives from i1-z140 subclade / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 4, №2[1,2], February 2017, P. 100-106. Muratov B. A. Tocharians-Turanians and Pseudotocharians-Tarimians. The traces of Chemurchek migration / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 4, №1[1,2], January 2017, P. 26-39. Kovalev A. A. Great Chemurchek migration from France to Altai at the beginning of the III-rd millennium B.C. - 1 / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 4, №1[1,2], January 2017, P. 6-25. Sverchkov L. M. History of the study and linguistic analysis of the Tocharian languages / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 3, №10[1,2], November 2016, P. 806-824. Muratov B. A. The origin of Nogais clans by the results of ethnogenomical expeditions of EH Project ''Suyun'' - 2 / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 3, №8[1,2], October 2016, P. 671-675. Muratov B. A. About the descendants of Genghis Khan by data of ethnogenomics - 1. The merkitian warrior Chiledu was father of Genghis Khan? / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 3, №7[1,2], September 2016, P. 611-614. Muratov B. A. La coincidencias linguistica - 1. Idioma baskir y espanol / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 3, №6[1,8], June 2016, P. 558-563. Muratov B. A. The DNA-genealogy of Bashkirs tribes - 8. Ayle, Qir-Qangli, Asili-Qobau, Ithel-Elan clans / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 3, №3[1,2], March 2016, P. 171-191. Wen Sh-Q., Muratov B. A., Suyunov R. R. The haplogroups of the representatives from ancient Turkic clans - Ashina and Ashide / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 3, №2[1,2], March 2016, P. 154-157. Muratov B. A. The answers to 'the reviews' and works of philisopher and political scientist Zh.M. Sabitov in History and Ethnogenomics - 1 / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 3, №1[1,2], January 2016, P. 117-125. Muratov B. A., Suyunov R. R., Arsanov P. M. The DNA-genealogy of Bashkirs tribes - 5. The descendants of Muytens (Hurrians-Mitanni) / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 2, №10[1,2], November 2015, P. 950-963. Gallyamov S. A. The selected texts from article: ''The ancient tribe - Alan'' / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 2, №8 [1,2], August 2015, P. 770-777. Muratov B. A., Suyunov R. R. Oghuz clans: ethnogenesis and genogeography - 1 / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 2, №7 [1,2], July 2015, P. 648-694. Muratov B. A. The Big-Y results of Buryjan Bashkirs. Vol. 1 / / BEHP 'Suyun', M. - Vila do Conde - Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 2, №1 [1,2,3], January 2015, P. 84-85. Muratov B. A. The origin of Nogais clans by the results of ethnogenomical expeditions of EH Project "Suyun" — 1 / / BEHP 'Suyun', M.-Vila do Conde-Ufa, Ural, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 1, №2 [1,7], December 2014, P. 94-121.
Proceedings of the Academy of DNA Genealogy
Boston-Moscow-Tsukuba, ISSN 1942-7484, Lulu Inc