B.A. Muratov

A Note by the Editor-in-Chief. The following article has not been edited; the author has employed a Google translation. (Note: A.Klyosov)

 

Kipchaks are heterogeneous and composed at least of two major sub-branches: Cumans-Kipchaks (polovtsians) and Quns-Kipchaks (toksoba) [1]

Table 1. The R1a+Z2123 subclade of Bashkirs (NetWork © )

 

The table contains only Bashkir haplotypes with subclades Z2123 and one Indo-Aryan haplotype L657. Sub-branch L657 included in the table to show the difference with the other sub-branches subclades Z2123. The red lines indicate the present sub-branches in Bashkir subclades Z2123, prior to the first separating them SNiP. Green names are approximate sub-branches. Massagetaes indicated in the table only R1a-group, there is also R1b + L150 Massagetaes, in the table, they are not specified. Blue given local names in the branches and the names of ancestors. Gray line represents the sub-branch L657 - that is not found in Bashkir people.

And here is what Sinologist R.P.Khrapachevskiy said: «Another proof of the inclusion of the Bashkirs of Kipchak-Quns is the presence of cry (uranium) toksoba they have — as we know, it is kind of Toksoba well-known among the pre-Mongolian Kipchak». And in Russian chronicles «toksobichi» and «kaepichi» (the members of the genus — Qai) are often mentioned together, which correlates with the message about the connection of Marvazi about Kipchak hordes Quns and Qai[12].

And then he's R.P.Khrapachevskiy writes: «One can assume that part of the defeated former Kipchak hordes Inasi Khan fled to the Bashkirs — the reason for this is their neighborhood, and the availability of Bashkir descent unit whose name is directly related to the Kipchak-Qun — Suun-Kipchak. The fact that Suun-Kipchaks is accepted in writing of Russian literature, but the actual pronunciation of the ethnonym else, and now it sounds like — Hiun-Qipsaq (hуун-kыпсаk/hiun-qipsaq — in Bashkirian)» [14].

Kimeks, they also are Cumans, the ancestors of Polovtsian Kipchak. This was written more Marquart: «From the middle of the tenth century. disappears tribal name Kimeks and Marquart explains this by saying that they were conquered by another, by a new horde ... — Quns. These Quns and brought Polovtsians-Kimeks in Europe»[15].

Stands apart from other Bashkirian Kipchaks — clan Turkmen-Qipsaq, other name is Aq-Qipsaq. In our project of FTDNA (National clans), there are two Turkmen-qipsaqs — and both have matches of their haplotypes with Turkmen-Oghuz. No accident that the Bashkirs aq-qipsaqs called Turkmens, and the DNA they were relatives Oghuz-Turkmen clans[16].

The DNA origin of the Kipchak fits with the ancient Bashkir shejere (genealogies). This fit is much more accurate than the opinions of many venerable scholars and historians of the past. Sometimes shejere present truly factual materials, but historians interpret them not correctly, however, it happens that later they recognize that it was the right shejere.

Bashkir shejere directly fits to the data on DNA genealogy of Bashkirs. Here's an example. In a Joint Shejere of Bashkir Tribes the Kyrgyz are not mentioned. There are Bikatin, Sart, and others, but not Kyrgyz. DNA genealogy shows that suggestions of some historians that the Bashkirs spun off from the so-called Kyrgyz branch, were wrong.

Deep DNA clade testing of Kyrgyz clans showed that the common ancestor of Kyrgyz R1a and Bashkirs clans of Sakes-Dinlings, Massagetaes-Alans and Wusuns sub-branches lived more than 4,300 years ago. Neither  the Kyrgyz, and even neither Sakes, Wusuns and Massagetaes-Alans existed such a long time ago, as well as their language.

Kyrgyz are mentioned in the same Bashkir shejere, and their genealogy points at the western Bashkirs. This implies that perhaps some clans and the Bashkirs relatives Kyrgyzes Tien Shan, might form a clan called 'Kyrgyz' of the Bashkir people.

DNA testing proved the negative SNP Z2123 in Kyrgyz. It seems that the Bashkirs (at least three of their sub-branches of subclades Z2123): Wusuns, Sakes-Dinlings and Massagetaes-Alans — are not related by birth to the Kyrgyz. But we cannot exclude a possibility, that some Baskirs in the future will be found to be relativesw with the Kyrgyz, for example, with negative SNP Z2123[17].

Table II. Sakes-Dinlings line of Bashkirs (NetWork © )